tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39813650780885184372024-03-04T23:58:24.795-08:00Northgate Sustainability Forumnorthgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.comBlogger312125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-83688753280454382612014-10-09T15:14:00.000-07:002014-10-09T15:21:03.305-07:00"It's Cold War to Conservation" in Coyote Valley<b><i>Historic Silicon Valley site becoming new public open space preserve</i></b><br />
<i>Paul Rogers, San Jose Mercury News, October 5, 2014</i><br />
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The <a href="http://www.openspaceauthority.org/" target="_blank">Santa Clara County Open Space Authority</a> has agreed to spend $8.6 million to buy 1,831 acres of the former United Technologies Corp. (UTC) site and open it to the public -- the biggest deal in the agency's 20-year history.<br />
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UTC, an early Silicon Valley aerospace company, built rocket motors in a secretive, sprawling property in the hills east of Highway 101, about 5 miles south of San Jose. The massive engines powered Tomahawk and Minuteman missiles for the military, as well as NASA spacecraft that explored Mars, Venus, Jupiter, and the sun.<br />
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The lands, a rolling expanse of hills, oak trees and serpentine outcroppings across Highway 101 from Coyote Creek Golf Course, will be open to the public by 2018, the open space agency says.<br />
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One portion of UTC's property not being purchased is still being cleaned up. That adjacent 3,282-acre parcel has <a href="http://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/profile_report.asp?global_id=SL18206586" target="_blank">pollution from perchlorate and other chemicals in the groundwater</a>. It had 241 buildings and about 750 employees when UTC shut down the site after 45 years and moved its operations to Florida in 2004.<br />
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Read the complete story <a href="http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_26669755/historic-silicon-valley-site-becoming-new-public-open" target="_blank">here</a>. northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-57312373365457218312014-10-09T14:45:00.001-07:002014-10-09T14:45:05.754-07:00Oakland Museum of California to Receive $20M Sculpture Studio and Gardens<i>Angela Hill, Oakland Tribune, October 9, 2014</i><br /><br />
Bruce Beasley has bequeathed his two-block cluster of studios and sculpture gardens -- plus many of his own massive abstract works, personal archives of his illustrious career and an endowment for future sculpture-related events and programs -- to the Oakland Museum of California. <br /> <br />
The gift, said to be unprecedented by a living artist, is valued at about $20 million, making it the largest single private gift in the museum's 45-year history. Beasley and museum officials will reveal details of the plan on Thursday morning during a reception at the artist's Lewis Street studios -- someday to be called the Bruce Beasley Sculpture Center.<br /><br />Beasley says the relationship with the Oakland museum is a "logical marriage," considering his deep ties to Oakland where he's lived, worked as a community activist, and created massive sculptures since bursting into the art world in 1962 at the height of the abstract sculpture movement. However, the timing of the gift is certainly not set in stone, as it rests on the advent of Beasley's death, which may be a long time coming.<br /><br /> "You've seen how healthy he is -- when this actually transpires, I hope to be long retired by then," joked Lori Fogarty, OMCA's executive director. In the meantime, some prototype studio tours and community events may begin as early as 2015.<br /><br />Read the complete story <a href="http://www.insidebayarea.com/breaking-news/ci_26688899/sculptor-bruce-beasley-bequeaths-west-oakland-studio-complex" target="_blank">here</a>. northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-63751850647123095722014-06-30T11:50:00.000-07:002014-06-30T11:50:12.366-07:00Trash-Collecting Big Wheel<i><b>Baltimore's water wheel keeps on turning, pulling in tons of trash </b><br />Julia Botero, NPR, June 23, 2014</i><br /><br />John Kellett, who works at the Baltimore Maritime Museum, has developed an innovative way to collect the solid waste that flows from the Jones Falls river into the Inner Harbor after rainstorms: a water wheel.<br /><br />"It looks sort of like a cross between a spaceship and a covered wagon and an old mill," says Kellett. <br /><br />The water wheel has been installed in the harbor since May, during which time it has removed 40 tons of trash.<br /><br />Read and/or listen to the complete story --> <a href="http://www.npr.org/2014/06/23/324738205/baltimores-water-wheel-keeps-on-turning-pulling-in-tons-of-trash">here</a>. northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-6687924729727335642014-06-02T09:53:00.000-07:002014-06-02T09:54:25.403-07:00Join the Conversation with USGBC Founder David GottfriedJoin TriplePundit’s Founder, Nick Aster, for a “Stories and Beer Fireside Chat” with David Gottfried, Founder of the USGBC. <br />
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David’s work has impacted the global building industry more than almost any other individual, having founded both the <a href="http://www.triplepundit.com/event/stories-beer-david-gottfried-usgbc/www.usgbc.org/%E2%80%8E">U.S. Green Building Council</a> and <a href="http://www.triplepundit.com/event/stories-beer-david-gottfried-usgbc/www.worldgbc.org">World Green Building Council</a>, with GBCs in 100 countries.<br />
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This event will be held Thursday, June 19th at 6:30 pm PDT at the Impact HUB San Francisco, and online via web cam. <br />
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Register here: http://www.triplepundit.com/event/stories-beer-david-gottfried-usgbc/northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-44037381330651376262014-06-02T09:31:00.000-07:002014-06-02T09:53:53.514-07:00The Cost of Water (or lack thereof)via <a href="http://www.triplepundit.com/" target="_blank">TriplePundit</a><br />
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Researchers at the University of California Davis <a href="https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/">Center for Watershed Sciences</a> have attached a dollar estimate to the economic impact of the drought in California’s Central Valley. Their <a href="https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/biblio/Preliminary_2014_drought_economic_impacts-05192014.pdf">preliminary report, released earlier this week</a>, estimates a total economic loss of $1.7 billion, along with “substantial long-term costs” of groundwater overdraft that will go unaccounted for.<br />
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Last year marked the driest year in California since <a href="http://www.water.ca.gov/waterconditions/index.cfm">records began in 1895</a>, and in January Governor Jerry Brown declared a drought state of emergency. Seven of the state’s 12 main reservoirs are at or below 60 percent of the historical average, and a dry winter has left snowpack levels–an important source for replenishing water supplies–at just a fifth of historical levels, as of late April.<br />
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Read the complete article here: http://www.triplepundit.com/2014/05/california-drought-leaves-groundwater-reserves-vulnerable-cost-nears-2-billion/northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-528234997651276152014-04-28T13:58:00.000-07:002014-04-28T14:00:07.940-07:00CARB Gives Truckers More Time to Meet Emissions StandardsOn April 25, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) approved a two-and-a-half year enforcement delay to the state’s Truck and Bus Regulation for small trucking companies who are struggling to obtain loans and grants to make required improvements on time. <br />
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<a href="http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2014/truckbus14/truckbus14.htm" target="_blank">CARB's action</a> will give small fleets, lightly used trucks and those operating in rural areas more time to upgrade to newer, cleaner models or install filters to remove soot from their exhaust. The extended phase-in deadlines for small fleet mean that truck owners with three or fewer trucks now have an extra year to bring their second truck into compliance and an extra two years for their third truck, as CARB extended the phase-in deadlines for second and third trucks from January 1, 2015 and 2016, to January 1, 2016 and 2018, respectively.<br />
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The vote marks the second time CARB has relaxed
its diesel truck regulations since 2010, when it made changes to offer
the industry relief after the recession. The extensions, approved by a 10-1 vote, came after pleas from small trucking firms and owner-operators who became subject to new pollution-cutting requirements for the first time this year. The amendments were adopted over fierce objections from another segment of the industry: truck owners who have already made the costly upgrades.<br />
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Multiple speakers at Thursday’s public hearing slammed CARB for sparking a civil war between large carriers and owner-operators that counted as small fleets under CARB’s definition. The large carriers said they didn’t like being put in a position to argue against mom and pop trucking operations – many of whom they hire.<br />
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Among those urging regulators to hold to the deadlines were environmental groups and students from Oakland who live near freeways with heavy truck traffic and cope with respiratory illnesses. "We understand that cleaning up trucks is expensive, but somebody has to pay," said Pamela Tapia, a community college student from Oakland with asthma. "Right now we're paying with our health and that's not right."<br />
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Final versions of the amendments will be produced within the next few months and will have a 15-day public comment period, after which CARB will put them into effect. <br />
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For more information:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-diesel-trucks-20140426,0,3351398.story#ixzz30DU0EHyR" target="_blank">Los Angeles Times</a> </div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="http://www.ccjdigital.com/carb-approves-compliance-extensions-of-emissions-regs-for-small-fleets-owner-operators/" target="_blank">Commercial Carrier Journal </a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="http://www.landlinemag.com/Story.aspx?StoryID=26926#.U16kc1dTZ5U" target="_blank">Land Line mag.com</a></div>
northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-77600895614016266652014-04-25T18:25:00.000-07:002014-04-25T18:25:49.281-07:00Levee Breach in San Pablo Bay<b><i>A landmark moment in the effort to restore Bay Area marshland habitat</i></b><br />
<i>Peter Fimrite, San Francisco Chronicle, April 25, 2014</i><br />
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A cheer went up as salt water from San Pablo Bay poured through a breached levee Friday and flooded old, abandoned Hamilton Army Airfield in Novato.<br />
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The flooding of the runway at the former Air Force base, which was
closed starting in 1973, is part of a regional effort to restore 100,000
acres of former wetlands around San Francisco Bay. The Hamilton area was diked off around the turn of the
19th century, cutting off a primary landing spot for thousands of
migrating waterfowl along the Pacific Flyway. It had remained dry until
Friday when a backhoe dug out the remaining mud barrier. <br />
<br />
Creating the new tidal marsh, which cost $107 million over 10 years,
involved importing 5.6 million cubic
yards of dredged mud to raise the land to its
natural height, three
quarters of which came from dredging at the Port of Oakland, and growing and planting tens of thousands of native plants. The project was designed create
different habitats, including tidal marshland, brackish and fresh water
wetlands. The restored area, which includes a 3-mile section of the Bay
Trail, will provide crucial habitat for endangered and threatened
species, including Steelhead trout, salmon, California clapper rail,
black rail, brown pelican, and salt marsh harvest mouse.<br />
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"This was designed with sea level rise, climate change and ecological resiliency in mind," said Congressman Jared Huffman, D-San Rafael. "This is also a model project for re-use of our resources."<br />
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Read the complete article <a href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Levee-breach-grows-San-Pablo-Bay-by-648-acres-5430696.php" target="_blank">here</a>. northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-65493827041264059772014-04-22T18:16:00.000-07:002014-04-25T18:26:21.578-07:00Cal/EPA Issues Environmental Hazard Scores for 8,000 Census Tracts<i><b>New map could refocus state's pollution battles </b></i><br />
<i>Tony Barboza, Los Angeles Times, April 22, 2014 </i><br />
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The California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal/EPA) has released a statewide assessment of census tracts most burdened by pollution, providing a powerful tool to pressure regulators to clean up neighborhoods with long-standing health risks.<br />
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<a href="http://oehha.ca.gov/ej/pdf/CES20PublicReview04212014.pdf">The environmental health assessment,</a> published in draft form this week, was a major update to an initiative that includes an interactive online map and is being refined over time by Cal/EPA. The state's first such report last year assessed the state by ZIP Code and yielded broadly similar results, showing that Latinos and African Americans make up a disproportionately high percentage of the population in areas most affected by pollution. But the previous list was criticized by environmental justice groups and researchers who complained that ZIP Codes were too large and arbitrary to reveal much.<br />
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The screening and ranking tool, called <a href="http://oehha.maps.arcgis.com/apps/OnePane/basicviewer/index.html?appid=a4a95185c71f4817bf03aeae25923695">CalEnviroScreen</a>, was developed to pinpoint the communities with the highest exposure and vulnerability to multiple environmental hazards, including polluted air and water, waste facilities and contaminated soil. The rankings are not based only on measures of environmental exposure: they also take into account socioeconomic characteristics and health data on residents to assess the overall vulnerability of communities. Those factors include poverty, education, unemployment, rates of asthma and low-birth-weight infants. In total, 19 criteria are considered.<br />
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State Sen. Kevin de León (D-Los Angeles) wrote a <a href="http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml%3Fbill_id=201120120SB535">2012 law</a> that requires the state to spend 25% of the auction proceeds from California's GHG-cutting cap-and-trade program to benefit disadvantaged communities that face disproportionate effects from pollution and climate change. Governor Jerry Brown's proposed budget for 2014-15 would set aside $225 million of $850 million in proceeds. Budget documents say projects could include energy-efficiency upgrades for homes in low-income areas, improvements to bus and rail systems, urban forestry projects and programs to fund cleaner trucks and equipment near ports, rail yards and distribution centers.<br />
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Read the complete article <a href="http://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-0423-pollution-neighborhoods-20140423,0,1923694,full.story#axzz2zwwxeFXV" target="_blank">here</a>. northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-83046513443860178592014-03-19T17:56:00.001-07:002014-03-19T18:03:05.076-07:00An Allegory about NIMBYism<b><i>Remove contaminated soil.</i></b><br />
<b><i>Restore the aquifer to drinking water quality.</i></b><br />
<b><i>Replace air strippers that vent to the atmosphere with carbon filters.</i></b><br />
<b><i>Redevelop properties to bring in new tenants and raise property values.</i></b><br />
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What do these objectives have in common? <br />
Throughout the history of a particular <a href="http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/sfund/r9sfdocw.nsf/ViewByEPAID/CAD982463812" target="_blank">Silicon Valley Superfund site</a>, these goals have been supported by the community, responsible parties, and regulators. And at face value, they each appear to be protective of human health and the environment and benefit the neighboring community.<br />
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Only more recently has the concept of <a href="http://www.sustainableremediation.org/" target="_blank">sustainable remediation</a> been used to look at cleanup programs from a holistic viewpoint, and examine the collateral damage that some remedial decisions can cause, even those that appear to be protective.<br />
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In the 2008 Optimization Evaluation reports prepared by <a href="http://ngem.com/" target="_blank">Northgate</a>, Geosyntec, Weiss, and Schlumberger, we found that annual carbon (CO2) emissions related to the operation of five treatment systems at the Silicon Valley Superfund site ranged from 42 to 281 metric tons. For comparison, <a href="http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html" target="_blank">the EPA estimates</a> that the annual CO2 emissions from a typical passenger vehicle are approximately 5 metric tons.<br />
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In a 2010 economic analysis of 25 San Francisco Bay Area Superfund sites, Northgate staff, <a href="mailto:maile.smith@ngem.com" target="_blank">Maile Smith</a> and <a href="mailto:scott.mclaughlin@ngem.com" target="_blank">Scott McLaughlin</a> found that although concentrations of groundwater pollutants had been greatly reduced, contaminant removal rates were insufficient to reach cleanup goals. Furthermore, we found that the benefits of groundwater cleanup were reduced by the cross-media (e.g., water to air) pollution impacts of the remediation programs. The study indicated that the collective pollution reduction achieved by the cleanup programs at these sites is less than the pollution generated by the production of goods and services required to operate and maintain the cleanup programs themselves. <br />
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And this week the <a href="http://cironline.org/" target="_blank">Center for Investigative Reporting</a> published an article on the journey of the groundwater pollutants from that particular <a href="http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/sfund/r9sfdocw.nsf/ViewByEPAID/CAD982463812" target="_blank">Silicon Valley Superfund site</a>, illustrating the pathway that pollution takes after it is pumped from the ground and filtered through those carbon vessels.<br />
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“There’s really no such thing as throwing something away,” said
Environmental Protection Agency spokesman Rusty Harris-Bishop. “You’re
always throwing it somewhere.”<br />
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It's an interesting tale, and certainly highlights the potential collateral damage that can occur when we collectively decide, "not in <i>my</i> backyard."<br />
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Read the complete article here: http://cironline.org/reports/cleanup-silicon-valley-superfund-site-takes-environmental-toll-6149 <br />
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<br />northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-36281110123055553312014-03-07T21:02:00.002-08:002014-03-07T21:03:32.285-08:00It's Been a Dirty Winter<i>Kurtis Alexander, SFGate Blog, March 6, 2014 </i><br />
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This year’s dry winter is making history not only for a lack of rainfall but for a lung-blasting surge in air pollution. <br />
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With few storms to clear out the stagnant wintertime skies, dirty air has built up more often than usual, prompting air-quality regulators in the Bay Air to issue a record-tying number of advisories, known as Spare the Air alerts.<br />
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On 30 occasions between November and February the Bay Area Air Quality Management District advised that pollutants such as particulate matter in smoke and haze were approaching or would hit unhealthy levels. The number of Spare the Air alerts this winter was the highest since the 2006-07 season. <br />
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The story was similar in other parts of the state. While not a record, the notoriously polluted San Joaquin Valley recorded 66 days of air quality approaching substandard levels, up from 52 the prior winter.<br />
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Read the complete post <a href="http://blog.sfgate.com/stew/2014/03/06/bay-area-winter-dirtiest-in-years/">here</a>.northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-66977390981291594082013-12-02T15:45:00.001-08:002013-12-02T15:46:35.360-08:00Trees Capture Particulate Matter From Road Exhaust<i><b>Naomi Lubick, Chemical and Engineering News, November 22, 2013</b></i><br />
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Trees planted along a city street screen residents from sun and noise—and from tiny particles that pollute urban air. A new study shows that <a href="http://cgi.cen.acs.org/cgi-bin/cen/trustedproxy.cgi?redirect=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es404363m?source=cen">tree leaves can capture more than 50% of the particulate matter</a> that’s a prime component of urban pollution and a trigger for disease (<a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es404363m?source=cen">Environmental Science and Technology</a>).<br />
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In urban settings, particulates come primarily from car exhaust, brake pad wear, and road dust and can contain metals, such as iron and lead. The Environmental Protection Agency classifies particulates in three size ranges: less than 1 μm (PM1), up to 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and up to 10 μm (PM10) in diameter. These particles are tiny enough for people to inhale and can exacerbate heart disease, asthma, and other health conditions. <br />
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By examining silver birch leaves with a scanning electron microscope, researchers confirmed that the hairy surfaces of the leaves trapped metallic particles. Like the particles measured inside homes, these metallic particles are most likely the product of combustion and brake wear from vehicles passing by. Previous work has indicated a strong correlation between the amount of material identified by magnetic remanence and benzo(a)pyrene, a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in particulates.<br />
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Read more <a href="http://cen.acs.org/articles/91/web/2013/11/Trees-Capture-Particulate-Matter-Road.html">here</a>.northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-50165359882108220962013-10-21T08:49:00.001-07:002013-10-21T08:52:21.315-07:00The Air is Giving Us Cancer<i><b>Air Pollution Is a Leading Cause of Cancer</b><br />Kate Kelland and Stephanie Nebehay, Reuters, October 17, 2013</i><br />
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The specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (<a href="http://www.iarc.fr/">IARC</a>), announced that it has classified outdoor air pollution as carcinogenic to humans. Particulate matter, a major component of outdoor air pollution, was evaluated separately and was also classified as carcinogenic to humans. <br />
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The IARC cited data
indicating that in 2010, 223,000 deaths from lung cancer worldwide
resulted from air pollution, and said there was also convincing evidence it increases the risk of bladder cancer. <br />
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Depending on the level of exposure in different parts of the world, the risk was found to be similar to that of breathing in second-hand tobacco smoke, said Kurt Straif, head of the agency's section that ranks carcinogens.<br />
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Air pollution, mostly caused by transport, power generation, industrial or agricultural emissions and residential heating and cooking, is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses including respiratory and heart diseases. Research suggests that exposure levels have risen significantly in some parts of the world, particularly countries with large populations going through rapid industrialization, such as China. Although the composition and levels of air pollution can both vary dramatically from one location to the next, IARC said its conclusions applied to all regions of the world. <br />
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"Our conclusion is that this is a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths," Dr. Christopher Wild, director of IARC, told reporters in Geneva.<br />
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Read the press release <a href="http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/pdf/pr221_E.pdf">here</a>.northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-69266027881450219612013-10-11T18:21:00.001-07:002013-10-21T08:50:53.229-07:00Northgate Proud to Support TechWomen<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilhvvriKuEL2xIXdrAscFtsMlV2XZjGlJq3g56AcEL__dQAUNHHOkHjukJvy9rcR408_3p9ZgIIeRlovseQJgQHPynv4xXmIVZtZSgvr1LrVbaJO8-phlfbx6YjXqcMw8sgcDswdP5lBpL/s1600/Michelle-Sesay.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilhvvriKuEL2xIXdrAscFtsMlV2XZjGlJq3g56AcEL__dQAUNHHOkHjukJvy9rcR408_3p9ZgIIeRlovseQJgQHPynv4xXmIVZtZSgvr1LrVbaJO8-phlfbx6YjXqcMw8sgcDswdP5lBpL/s1600/Michelle-Sesay.jpg" /></a></div>
As part of Northgate’s commitment to empowering women engineers, our Oakland office welcomes Michelle Sesay from Freetown, Sierra Leone. Michelle is a participant of <a href="https://www.techwomen.org/">TechWomen</a>, a mentoring initiative sponsored by the US Department of State that pairs women leaders in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) from Africa and the Middle East with their counterparts in the San Francisco Bay Area.<br />
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The field of environmental engineering is nearly nonexistent in Sierra Leone. Michelle wants to change that. She is priming herself to become a leader in her country’s first generation of environmental engineers, and has a long-range objective of owning her own engineering company. Her plans for the future don’t stop there. She also wants to form a coaching and mentoring program that would provide girls with the encouragement they need to complete school and pursue rewarding technical careers. Inspired by these ambitious goals, she is learning as much as she can about environmental engineering while at Northgate, as well as the ins and outs of developing and operating a business.<br />
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As a <a href="http://ngem.com/about-northgate/working-with-northgate/">women-owned company</a>, Northgate is excited and proud to be part of a program that supports women engineers in a global context. Our seasoned staff finds it fulfilling to share its considerable reservoir of knowledge and experience with emerging young leaders eager to contribute to social change in their communities. The State Department asserts that programs such as TechWomen, which cultivate the participation of women in local and global economies, further the possibility of world peace. northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-82059515186637929392013-07-25T15:08:00.000-07:002013-07-25T16:19:30.272-07:00 Sustainability for the Nation: Resource Connection and Governance LinkagesAs the government sector works hard to ensure sufficient fresh water, food, energy, housing, health, and education for the nation without limiting resources for the future generations, it's clear that there is no sufficient organization to deal with sustainability issues. Each federal agency appears to have a single mandate or a single area of expertise making it difficult to tackle issues such as managing the ecosystem. Key resource domains, which include water, land, energy, and nonrenewable resources, for example, are nearly-completely connected yet different agencies exist to address only one aspect of these domains. <br />
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In order for the nation to be successful in sustaining its resources, "linkages" will need to be built among federal, state, and local governments; nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); and the private sector. The National Research Council (NRC) was asked by several federal agencies, foundations, and the private sector to provide guidance to the federal government on issues related to sustainability linkages. <i>Sustainability for the Nation: Resource Connection and Governance Linkages</i> is the committee's report on the issue. The report includes insight into high-priority areas for governance linkages, the challenges of managing connected systems, impediments to successful government linkages, and more.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13471">Read or download the report here. </a><br />
northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-89059717069555297092013-07-19T10:19:00.000-07:002013-07-19T10:19:25.011-07:00Sustainable Remediation Basics :: Online Education Opportunity <a href="http://www.claire.co.uk/">CL:AIRE</a> introduces a new e-learning module titled "Sustainable Remediation Appraisal". <br /><br />This online course delivers approximately four hours of learning with two assessments per module. On completion of the course and passing the assessments, a personalised PDF certificate will be issued for your continuing professional development. <br /><br />This course presents an overview of sustainable remediation. In the first instance looking at the emergence of sustainable remediation as a topic and defining what it means. Secondly, by introducing the frameworks and guidance that have been developed and examining how these may be applied in practice. Finally, it looks at the range of tools and techniques that may be applied through the life-cycle of the process. <br /><br />The course costs £50 + VAT and payment is possible via PayPal. <br /><br />More details about the course content is available on the <a href="http://www.sustainableremediation.org/storage/CLAIRE%20SR%20Appraisal%20Flyer.pdf">attached flyer</a>, or you can visit CL:AIRE's website <a href="http://www.claire.co.uk/index.php?option=com_joomdle&view=wrapper&Itemid=136">www.claire.co.uk/elearning</a>. northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-56766832637708748042013-04-30T08:43:00.000-07:002013-04-30T08:43:38.967-07:00Happy 150th Birthday, Academy of Sciences!The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit institution that was established under a congressional charter signed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863. Despite the contentious times in which they lived, President Lincoln and Congressional leaders recognized the value of science and the importance of an independent, nonprofit organization that could advise the government on scientific and technical matters. <br /><br />It recognizes achievement in science by election to membership, and -- with the National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and National Research Council -- provides science, technology, and health policy advice to the federal government and other organizations. <br /><br /> President Obama helped the National Academy of Sciences celebrate its 150th year of service, and reiterated his strong support for science and technology, by giving a speech yesterday at the group’s annual meeting.<br />
<br />
"That’s our inheritance, and now the task falls to us. We, too, face significant challenges — obviously not of the magnitude that President Lincoln faced, but we’ve got severe economic and security and environmental challenges. And what we know from our past is that the investments we make today are bound to pay off many times over in the years to come. So we will continue to pursue advances in science and engineering, in infrastructure and innovation, in education and environmental protection — especially science-based initiatives to help us minimize and adapt to global threats like climate change."<br /><br />More <a href="http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=04292013b">here</a> and <a href="http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/150th-anniversary/">here</a>.<br /><br /><i>Did you know...?</i><br />The National Academies Press (NAP) publishes the reports of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and National Research Council. NAP publishes more than 200 books each year on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and medicine, providing authoritative information on important matters in science and health policy. NAP offers more than 4,000 titles online as PDFs, which may be downloaded in full or by chapter.northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-90683571739991339202013-04-17T08:26:00.000-07:002013-04-30T08:26:51.089-07:00Iraqi Engineer and Conservationist Azzam Alwash Wins Goldman PrizeAzzam Alwash has received the Goldman Environmental Prize for his work to reflood the marshes fed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and bring back the Marsh Arabs. It's one of six $150,000 awards that go to grass-roots environmental activists each year.<br />
<br />
In 2003, this civil engineer and Iraqi immigrant living in Orange County moved back to Iraq to launch his ambitious environmental engineering project. Some say the marshes, an ecosystem twice the size of the Everglades, are the "historical" Garden of Eden. But during his 30-year reign in Iraq, Saddam Hussein transformed the marshland into a battleground. To punish political enemies, Hussein built canals with names such as Mother of Battles to drain water from marshlands and sap the lifeblood of the Marsh Arabs, a community of indigenous Iraqis who depended on the swamp to survive.<br />
<br />
As a professional engineer, Alwash admits to having been in awe at what Saddam's men had done. "To drain 6,000 sq km of wetlands is an incredible engineering feet. It was an immense job. They had dug new rivers, intercepted the Tigris and rerouted the Euphrates away from the marsh. They had set fire to the reedbeds … It was sold by the regime as making more land available for agriculture when in fact he was trying to deprive his opposition of a base of operations. 70,000 refugees went to Iran, 30,000 to the US. The rest were displaced." <br />
<br />
Alwash set up <a href="http://www.natureiraq.org/">Nature Iraq</a> as an NGO to focus on the restoration of the marshes and he offered his technical skills to tear down the giant embankments to flood the land. To gain the support of officials and sponsors, Alwash said he couched his argument in terms of the intrinsic value of services the marshlands could provide.<br />
<br />
"This is environment in the service of humanity," Alwash said. "The marshes are an engine of economy."<br />
<br />
Read more <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2013/apr/15/azzam-alwash-goldman-prize">here</a>. northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-51143918503669362772013-01-14T11:01:00.000-08:002013-01-14T11:01:13.604-08:00Beyond LEED: The Living Building ChallengeThe <a href="http://bullittcenter.org/building/site-sustainability" target="_blank">Bullitt Center</a> will be the greenest, most energy efficient
commercial building in the world, firmly planting Seattle at the
forefront of the green building movement. The <a href="http://bullittcenter.org/team/the-bullitt-foundation-vision" target="_blank">vision</a> of the Bullitt Center is to change the way buildings are
designed, built and operated to improve long-term environmental
performance and promote broader implementation of energy efficiency,
renewable energy and other green building technologies in the Northwest. The building is seeking to meet the ambitious goals of the <a href="http://bullittcenter.org/building/living-building-challenge" target="_blank">Living Building Challenge</a>, the world’s most strenuous benchmark for sustainability. For example, a solar array will generate as much electricity as the
building uses and rain will supply as much water, with all waste water
treated onsite.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://ilbi.org/lbc" target="_blank">Living Building Challenge</a> was endorsed by both the US Green Building Council and the Canada Green Building Council in 2006. Living Building Challenge is a certification based on a demonstrated
level of rigor: projects can be certified as "Living" if they prove to
meet all of the program requirements after 12 months of continued
operations and full occupancy. It is also possible to achieve Petal
Recognition, or partial program certification, for achieving all of the
requirements of at least three Petals when at least one of the following
is included: Water, Energy and/or Materials.<br />
<br />
The Living Building Challenge is premised on a belief that the 21st
century will require a rapid, worldwide movement to ultra-high
performance buildings. But for this movement to realize its full
potential, these buildings must also be a source of beauty, joy,
well-being and inspiration. They will marry architectural titan Louis Sullivan’s “form follows
function” precept with the highest levels of efficiency currently
achievable. Learning from nature’s preoccupation with maximizing return
from scarce resources, they will also be beautifully functional.<br />
<br />
northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-80511370031950011292013-01-09T09:29:00.001-08:002013-01-09T09:29:20.436-08:002011 Sustainability & Innovation Global Executive Study ResultsFor the third consecutive year, <a href="http://sloanreview.mit.edu/">MIT Sloan Management Review</a>
and the Boston Consulting Group have conducted a survey of managers and
executives from companies around the world, asking how they are
developing and implementing sustainable business practices.<br />
<br />
More than 4,000 managers from 113 countries responded to the survey.
According to the respondents, 70% of companies have placed
sustainability permanently on their management agendas. Two-thirds of
the resondents said that sustainability was necessary to be competitive
in the marketplace. And, many companies are increasing their
commitments to sustainability inititiaves despite a lackluster economy.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, respondents indicate that sustainability ranks
eighth in importance among other management agenda items. Economic
growth continues to deplete the planet's stocks of natural capital,
despite the efforts of many companies to minimize their impacts,
decrease their carbon footprints, and cultivate closed-loop production
systems.<br />
<br />
The authors believe that these mixed results are overall positive,
however. They suggest that the sustainability movement is nearing a
tipping point, at which a substantial portion of companies are seeing
sustainable business practices as a necessity and are also deriving a
financial benefit from sustainable activities. Leading the charge are a
group of organizations that are not merely implementing individual
initiatives -- such as lowering carbon emissions and investing in
renewables -- but are also changing their operating frameworks and
strategies. The report explores what sets these organizations apart and
lessons that other organizations can take from these innovators.<br />
<br />
Download the report <a href="http://sloanreview.mit.edu/feature/sustainability-strategy/">here</a>.northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-11068559980567267792013-01-07T10:56:00.000-08:002013-01-07T10:56:01.104-08:00Is Environmental Contamination Responsible for Violent Crime?<div class="title">
<b>America's Real Criminal Element: Lead</b><br /><i>Kevin Drum, Mother Jones, January/February 2013 Issue</i></div>
<div class="title">
<br /></div>
Across the US, violent crime peaked in the early 1990s and then began
a steady and significant decline. Not unique to a particular city, this
declining trend is seen nationwide, including in New York, Dallas, Los
Angeles, Washington DC, and Newark. This article explores the reasons
behind this trend, and in the process, researched a myriad of
criminology theories: crime goes down when the economy is booming and
goes up when it's in a slump; crime drops in big cities are mostly a
reflection of the crack epidemic of the '80s finally burning itself
out; demographics (as numbers of young men increases, so does crime);
prison expansion; guns and gun control; family dynamics; race; parole
and probation policies; raw number of police officers; and legalized
abortion.<br />
<br />
The author found a growing body of research linking lead exposure in
small children with complications later in life, including lower IQ,
hyperactivity, behavioral problems, learning disabilities, and juvenile
delinquency. A large body of evidence suggests that the use -- and
discontinuation -- of tetraethyl lead in gasoline may explain as much as
90 percent of the rise and fall of violent crime over the past 50
years. And this relationship seems to hold true for cities of different
sizes, both within the US and internationally.<br />
<br />
<b>Read the article <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/01/lead-crime-link-gasoline">here</a>.</b><br />
<br />
And several of the cited studies: <br />
<a href="http://www.ricknevin.com/uploads/Nevin_2000_Env_Res_Author_Manuscript.pdf">How Lead Exposure Relates to Temporal Changes in IQ, Violent Crime, and Unwed Pregnancy</a><br />
<a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w13097">Environmental Policy as Social Policy? The Impact of Childhood Lead Exposure on Crime</a><br />
<a href="http://pic.plover.com/Nevin/Nevin2007.pdf">Understanding international crime trends: The legacy of preschool lead exposure</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012000566">The urban rise and fall of air lead (Pb) and the latent surge and retreat of societal violence</a><br />
<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050101">Association of Prenatal and Childhood Blood Lead Concentrations with Criminal Arrests in Early Adulthood</a><br />
northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-84266984016688477022012-11-28T09:20:00.000-08:002012-12-02T09:27:31.121-08:00EPA Recognizes Seven Communities for Smart Growth Achievement (including one in the Bay Area and one in LA County)The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recognized seven communities with its 2012 National Award for Smart Growth Achievement. The Smart Growth awards are given for creative, sustainable initiatives that better protect the health and the environment of our communities while also strengthening local economies. <br />
<br />
The 2012 award winners are being recognized in four categories: Overall Excellence in Smart Growth, Equitable Development, Main Street or Corridor Revitalization, and Programs and Policies. This year’s winners and honorable mentions were selected from 47
applicants from 25 states. The winning entries were chosen based on
their effectiveness in creating sustainable communities; fostering
equitable development among public, private, and nonprofit stakeholders;
and serving as national models for environmentally and economically
sustainable development. Specific initiatives include improving transportation choices, developing green, energy-efficient buildings and communities, and providing community members with access to job training, health and wellness education, and other services. <br />
<br />
The 2012 winners are:<br />
<br />
<b>Overall Excellence - Winner<br /> BLVD Transformation Project, Lancaster, California</b><br />
The redesign of Lancaster Boulevard helped transform downtown Lancaster into a thriving residential and commercial district through investments in new streetscape design, public facilities, affordable homes, and local businesses. Completed after eight months of construction, the project demonstrates how redesigning a corridor guided by a strategic vision can spark new life in a community. The project has generated almost $300 million in economic output and nearly 2,000 jobs. <br />
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<b>Equitable Development - Winner<br /> Mariposa District, Denver, Colorado</b><br />
The redevelopment of Denver’s historic and ethnically diverse La Alma/Lincoln Park neighborhood is turning an economically challenged area into a vibrant, transit-accessible, district. The community’s master plan preserves affordable housing while adding energy-efficient middle-income and market-rate homes. Because of extensive community engagement, development will include actions to improve the health of residents, reduce pollution, and control stormwater runoff. <br />
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<b>Main Street or Corridor Revitalization - Winner<br /> The Cooperative Building, Brattleboro, Vermont</b><br />
The Brattleboro Food Co-op, the town’s only downtown food store, made a commitment to remain at its downtown location by constructing an innovative, four-story green building on Main Street with a grocery store, commercial space, offices, and affordable apartments. The Main Street location provides healthy food, new jobs, and housing within walkable distances of downtown businesses and public transit.<br />
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<b>Programs and Policies - Winner<br /> Destination Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia</b><br />
The city of Portsmouth revised its comprehensive plan and undertook a broad review of its development and land use regulations. As a result, Destination Portsmouth prepared a package of new plans, zoning ordinances, and other development policies in collaboration with community stakeholders. The overhaul of the city’s codes encourages development in targeted growth areas and helps businesses to locate in the city while also protecting the character of Portsmouth’s historic neighborhoods.<br />
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<b>Equitable Development - Honorable Mention<br /> Northwest Gardens, Fort Lauderdale, Florida</b><br />
Through safer streets, job training and education programs, and high-quality, affordable homes, the once struggling Northwest Gardens neighborhood is rapidly becoming a model for economic, environmental, and social sustainability. The redesigned neighborhood offers a range of energy-efficient, affordable housing choices and is one of the first communities in the nation to receive LEED for Neighborhood Development certification. A local housing authority program also provides disadvantaged youths with construction training as they complete their GEDs. <br />
<br />
<b>Main Street or Corridor Revitalization - Honorable Mention <br /> Larkin District, Buffalo, New York</b><br />
Community organizations and a local developer partnered with the University at Buffalo School of Architecture and Planning to help revitalize the Larkin District, an old manufacturing district located one mile from downtown Buffalo. Architectural students worked with the developer and the city to create a master plan for an urban village that now features new office space, restaurants, apartments, parks, and plazas. New sidewalks, lighting, crosswalks, bicycle lanes, and bus shelters reduce pollution from vehicles by making walking, biking, and public transit more appealing.<br />
<br />
<b>Programs and Policies - Honorable Mention<br /> Bay Area Transit-Oriented Affordable Housing Fund, San Francisco, California</b><br />
The Bay Area Transit-Oriented Affordable Housing Fund is providing loans for developers to build affordable homes near public transportation. At this point, the fund has provided loans for a 153-unit high-rise for low-income families located two blocks from a major transit station, and for a 64-unit building for seniors close to a light rail station that will provide free transit passes for all residents.<br />
<br />
More information: <a href="http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/awards.htm">http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/awards.htm</a>northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-42751333648803215712012-10-03T15:36:00.000-07:002012-10-03T15:36:09.592-07:00July 15-17 2011 "Carmageddon" Immediately Improves Air Quality 83%<i><b>An eye-opening glimpse of what the future could be like if we can move away from combustion engines</b><br />Matt Stevens, Los Angeles Times, September 28, 2012 </i><br /><br />Los Angeles shut down a 10-mile stretch of one of its busiest highways, the 405, for a weekend in July 2011. Drivers stayed away in dramatic numbers – not only from the 405, but also throughout the entire region. <br /><br />Last Friday, Suzanne Paulson and Yifang Zhu of UCLA's Institute of the Environment and Sustainability <a href="http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/405-closure-improved-air-quality-239043.aspx">released their research</a> on air pollutants measured during "Carmageddon 2011". <br /><br />Air quality near the closed 10-mile portion of the 405 freeway reached levels 83% better than typical weekends. Elsewhere in West Los Angeles, the improvement was equally dramatic. Air quality improved by 75% in parts of West Los Angeles and in Santa Monica, and by 25% throughout the entire region, suggesting that large numbers of residents stayed off the road in those areas as well. <br /><br />The researchers found that particulate matter dropped significantly within minutes of the road closure (accordingly, it ramped back up the moment traffic resumed). There's little heavy industry around this stretch of the 405 freeway, underscoring that changes in transportation policy or vehicle technology could yield significant air quality improvements. <br /><br />Read the complete article <a href="http://articles.latimes.com/2012/sep/28/local/la-me-carmageddon-air-quality-20120928">here</a>, and another take <a href="http://www.theatlanticcities.com/commute/2012/10/ls-carmageddon-produced-dramatic-instantaneous-air-quality-improvements/3464/">here</a>.northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-68319876870856113482012-09-28T09:12:00.000-07:002012-09-28T09:12:04.694-07:00Bikes on BART<i><b>BART releases bike pilot survey results</b></i><br /><br /> A <a href="http://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2012/news20120907.aspx">rider survey</a> about BART’s commute period bike pilot, when blackout restrictions were lifted on five Fridays in August, found varied results. <br /><br />Riders responding to the survey were equally split on what to do: 37% wanted to keep the blackouts; 37% wanted to end them; and 25% favored reducing the blackout periods to one hour from two. Other data from the survey suggest similarly divided feelings.<br /><br /> 90% of respondents aware of the pilot who rode during the commute reported they did not personally experience any problems related to it. (Of the 10% who did experience problems, the most commonly cited problems were bikes blocking aisles, doorways and seats; bikes entering crowded trains; and bikes running into or brushing up against people.)<br /><br /> Asked how lifting the blackout affected their BART trip, 17% said it made their trip worse. (9% said it made their trip better, and 74% said it had little or no effect.).<br /><br /> The public will have an opportunity to discuss the results when the <a href="http://www.bart.gov/about/bod/advisory/bicycle/index.aspx">BART Bicycle Task Force</a> has a meeting on Monday, Oct. 1, at 6 pm. <br /><br />Additional details available on the <a href="http://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2012/news20120928.aspx">BART website</a>.northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-91363324683018851772012-09-28T09:07:00.000-07:002012-09-28T09:07:30.739-07:00Treasure Island Radioactive Waste Investigation Expands into Yards and Homes<i><b>Treasure Island Health Study Planned</b><br />Matt Smith, Bay Citizen, September 26, 2012 </i><br /><br />Navy contractors have been searching for and removing low-level radioactive waste at the former Treasure Island Naval Station since 2003, the legacy of an atomic warfare school and a warship repair yard.<br /><br />But recently, the Navy has had to broaden its efforts after state health officials said military contractors had misidentified and mishandled potential radioactive waste sites.<br /><br />Officials with the Navy and the state Department of Toxic Substances Control assured residents that they would have suffered no health effects from radioactive material. <br />
<br />
Steve Woods, a radiation specialist with the state Department of Public Health, offered a slightly different message. He said that even though findings so far do not suggest there is a health risk, more studies are warranted. San Francisco health officer Tomás Aragón said his agency may step into the breach by collecting available health information about Treasure Island residents.<br /><br />Read the complete article <a href="http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/Treasure-Island-health-study-planned-3897668.php">here</a>, and the Bay Citizen's coverage of Treasure Island <a href="http://www.baycitizen.org/search/?q=treasure+island">here</a>.northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981365078088518437.post-43687576173798672822012-09-28T08:57:00.000-07:002012-09-28T08:57:36.652-07:00The Social Cost of Carbon<i><b>Joanna M. Foster, NY Times, September 18, 2012</b></i><br /><br />In 2010, 12 government agencies working in conjunction with economists, lawyers, and scientists, agreed to develop a common standard for the social cost of carbon. The reason was that, in calculating the costs and benefits of pending policies and regulations, the Department of Transportation was assuming that a ton of emitted carbon dioxide imposed a $2 cost on society while the Environmental Protection Agency plugged 10 times that amount into its equations.<br /><br /> Instead, they decided that all agencies would use the same baseline of $21 per ton as the standard in monetizing the social costs of the seven-plus billion tons of carbon generated by US power plants, vehicles, and factories each year.<br /><br /> But <a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/863287021p06m441/fulltext.pdf?MUD=MP">a new paper</a> published in the Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences concludes that the costs of carbon pollution and related climate change are vastly greater — possibly two to 12 times as much. The authors argue that the federal government is not adequately taking into account the impacts of climate change on future generations.<br /><br /> At the heart of this debate is a disagreement about how to apply an economic concept known as the <i><b>discount rate</b></i>. Simply put, the discount rate is based on how much it is worth to us now to prevent that future damage. The governmental agency group looked at discount rates of 2.5, 3, and 5 percent, ultimately settling on 3 percent and putting the cost of one ton of carbon at $21. But the new study opts for discount rates of 1, 1.5, and 2 percent, ultimately putting the cost of one ton of carbon at anywhere from $55 to $266.<br /><br />Read the complete article <a href="http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/18/the-social-cost-of-carbon-how-to-do-the-math/">here</a>. northgatehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09715687524158177713noreply@blogger.com0